Metal material performance generally fall into the process performance and use two kinds of performance. The so-called process performance is to point to the mechanical parts in processing manufacturing process, metal materials appointed cold, hot working conditions the performance of the show. Metal material technology the performance, determined the manufacturing process of forming the adaptability of the processing. Because of different processing conditions and requirements of the process performance is different also, such as casting performance, weldability, ductility, heat treatment performance, cutting machining, etc. The so-called performance is to point to the mechanical parts in the use of conditions, metal material shows performance, it including mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties. Metal materials use the performance, to determine the range of use and service life.
In mechanical manufacturing, general machinery parts are in normal temperature, atmospheric pressure and the strong corrosive medium of use, and in use process all the mechanical parts will be under different load role. Metal material in load resistance performance of destruction, called the mechanical properties (or called mechanical properties). The mechanical properties of the metal material is the design of the parts when select material and the main basis. Loads different nature (such as drawing, compression, reverse, impact, cycle load, etc), and the mechanical properties of the metal material requirements will be different. Commonly used machine performance including: strength, plastic, toughness and hardness, impact resistance and fatigue limit many times. Below will discuss various mechanical properties respectively.
1. Strength
Strength is refers to the metal material in static loading condition resist damage (excess plastic deformation or fracture) performance. Because of the role of the load a way to have a stretch, compression, bending, cutting etc form, so intensity is divided into tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, shear strength, etc. All kinds of strength is a link between often, use more general in tensile strength as the most basic strength index.
2. The plastic
Plastic is refers to the metal material in load, produce plastic deformation (permanent deformation) without destroying ability.
3. Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the hard and soft metal material degree index. The current production was the most commonly used method of hardness is pressed into the hardness method, it is to use certain geometrical shapes of pressure head in a certain load bearing the test in metal material surface, according to be pressed into the degree to determine its hardness value.
Commonly used methods brinell hardness (HB), rockwell hardness (HRA, HRB, HRC) and vickers hardness (HV) method.
4. Fatigue
The strength of the discussion in front, plastic, hardness metal is in the static load mechanical performance indicators. In fact, many machine parts are in the cycle load, in this condition parts will produce the fatigue.
5. Impact toughness
In a large role in the parts in the speed of the load called impact load, metal under impactloading was the ability to resist damage called impact toughness.
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