Working surfaces of bearing components and Department in the State, is there a large difference between structural and performance requirements, and whole body heat treatment often does not take into account the second, material not to bring into full play the potential of. Applied materials surface strengthening technology not only can be a good solution to the surface and the differences in the structure and requirements of the Department, but can also allow the surface to obtain further specific performance, to meet specific criteria bearing on the work of the working surface performance requirements. In modern science and technology in the development of meaningful.
Surface hardening of traditional methods, fall within the scope of heat treatment on the process. Modern development of laser, electron beam, ion beam surface hardening method, not only high-tech application in surface hardening of the material, and in the process has is beyond the scope of traditional heat treatment, forming a new technology. Surface strengthening technology can now form a variety of classification methods from a different perspective, categorized by surface strengthening technology of physical and chemical processes, can be broadly classified into five categories: surface deformation of strengthened chemical heat treatment, surface heat treatment to strengthen, reinforce, strengthened by surface metallurgy, surface film intensified.
1. the surface deformation of strengthened
By mechanical method of surface layer of metal plastic deformation occurs, to form a hardened layer of high hardness and high strength, surface deformation strengthening of this surface strengthening method is called, also called work hardening. Includes blasting, sandblasting, cold extrusion, rolling, cold shock and impact, explosion, and so on.   These methods are characterized by: strengthening the dislocation density increases, and crystal structure refinement, so as to increase its hardness and strength, surface roughness values decrease, can significantly improve the fatigue strength on the surface of the part and reduce the fatigue notch sensitivity. Such a method of strengthening the process is simple and effective, there is no clear boundary between hardened layer and substrate, structural coherence, not in use fell off. Most of its methods has been applied in the bearing industry: the rolling surface impacts of intensive is the application of such methods, precision rolling bearing ring machining and strengthening of new methods.
2. surface heat treatment to strengthen
Using solid phase transformation, by rapid heating method on surface hardening treatment is known as surface heat treatment of parts, commonly known as hardening on the surface. Includes flame hardening, high (in)-frequency induction hardening, such as heating, laser or electron beam hardening. These methods are characterized by: partial hardening on the surface, small deformation of workpiece; heating speed and high efficiency; short heating time, surface oxidation and decarbonization was minor. Especially on improving the methods under impact loading of large and very large effect of wear resistance and fatigue strength of bearing components.
3. chemical heat treatment to strengthen
Using some elements of solid state diffusion infiltration, to change the chemical composition of the metal surface layer, to achieve a surface strengthening of chemical heat treatment method is called to strengthen, also known as diffusion heat treatment. Including boride, alloying, carburizing and carbonitriding, and nitriding and nitrocarburizing, sulfurizing and sulfur nitrocarburizing, chromizing, aluminum and chromium layer of Silicon alloying of aluminum, graphite, variety, characteristics vary. Infiltration of elements or metal into the substrate to form solid solutions, or combine with other elements to form compounds. In General into elements which can change the chemical composition of the surface layer and can be a variety of structures. Carburizing process of bearing steel parts surface nitriding treatment and needle roller bearings are strengthening methods of this kind.
4. in surface metallurgy by strengthening
Surface layer of metal melting and solidification again, to achieve the desired component or surface treatment technology in surface metallurgy by strengthening of the organization. Including the autolysis of surface alloy or compound melting crystalline or amorphous powder coating, surface treatment, surface alloying method. Is characterized by rapid heating of high energy density, the metal surfaces or coating on metal surface alloying materials melt, then cooling and solidification to be on its own special structure or specific performance enhancement layer. This special structure is probably thinning of texture, or perhaps is too saturated, metastable phase, and even non-crystal structure, depending on the process parameters and surface metallurgy method.
Rolling bearing industry in laser heating of miniature bearing working surface strengthening research, to good effect.
　　 5. film enhancement
Application of physical or chemical methods, properties of metal surface coating base material of different membrane layer, called a thin film on the surface strengthening. It includes electroplating, electroless plating (chrome, nickel plating, copper plating, silver plating, etc), brush plating and composite plating processing or transformation, including the rapid development of high-tech in recent years: such as CVD, PVD, P-CVD vapor deposition of thin films, such as strengthening method and surface hardening by ion implantation technology (also known as Atomic metallurgy technology), and so on. Their common characteristic is able to work in the film formed on the surface of a specific performance, to surface abrasion resistance, fatigue resistance, corrosion-resistant and self-lubricating properties. Such as strengthening the bearing working surface of ion implantation technology, can make the wear of the bearing surfaces of contact fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and performance has been significantly improved, so that the service life of the bearing are growing exponentially.



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