Cold into the mold (also known as cold mold) including drawing die, drawing die, bending die, stamping die (blanking, punching, trimming die, punch, scissors mode, etc.), cold heading and cold model extrusion molds.
        Discussed below are several typical cold deformation conditions of service, failure mode and performance requirements.
(A) Die
        Working conditions: the impact of edge friction and withstand repeated bending stress.
        Failure mode: failure mainly normal wear and tear. However, often due to improper heat treatment resulting from the structure or edge peeling, broken and so on, resulting in early failure of the mold.
        Performance requirements: requirements of high bending and compressive strength, high abrasion resistance and sufficient toughness.
(B) drawing, wire drawing and bending mold
        Working conditions: the die to bear the intense friction and radial stress, in addition to the punch by friction, but also to withstand compressive stress. High-speed pull delay, the work surface temperature of up to 400 ~ 500 ℃.
        Failure mode: often due to wear and the surface of the groove size and retirement.
        Performance requirements: high hardness and wear resistance, and certain thermal stability.
(C) cold extrusion die
        Working conditions: under high compressive stress (up to about 2500 ~ 3000MPa).Ejection punch but also tensile stress. Since squeezing a piece is done in a moment, so the punch is also under shock loading. Punch the course of work, partly because of its edge with strong friction between the metal flow, causing abrasions and wear.
        Failure mode: common failure mode is fatigue and abrasion wear.
        Performance requirements: mold material should have as high bending fatigue strength, compressive yield strength as high as possible and cut resistance. In addition, the material should have good wear resistance and toughness.
(D) cold heading die
        Working conditions: punch to withstand repeated shock compression, shock and impact fatigue wear. Die to withstand repeated impact wear.
        Failure mode: punch wear, upsetting, subsidence, crack, break or fracture. The die cavity wall nap (after abrasion wear) and the impact of fatigue is failure.
        Performance requirements: there must be sufficient compressive yield strength, flexural fatigue strength and wear resistance, the working surface must have high hardness (HRC ≥ 60) and wear resistance; mind that the Department must have sufficient toughness.
Second, carbon and low alloy tool steel
        Used for cold deformation of carbon tool steel with T8A, T10A, and T12A.
        Used for cold deformation of low alloy tool steel with 9Mn2V, 9CrSi, and so on.
        These steels can only be used to make lighter work load of the mold.
Third, high-chromium tool steel
        1, high-chromium tool steel composition and characteristics
        The typical type of steel and steel with Cr12 Cr12MoV, its chemical composition is as follows:
    These steels contain high carbon (1.4-2.3% C) and a large number of chromium (11-13% Cr), a small amount of molybdenum and vanadium.
    Cr12 steel is the main carbide (Cr, Fe) 7C3 and (Cr, Fe) 7C-type carbide, which dissolved a small amount of Ti, Mo, and V. These carbides dissolve in a large number of high-temperature quenching austenite, increasing steel harden ability. After high-temperature tempering (500 ℃ or so), and from precipitation of marten site, resulting in increased secondary hardening and tempering stability, so that the steel has high hardness and wear resistance.
    High-carbon high-chromium cold deformation of steel has the following characteristics:
    ① high wear resistance: main due to the existence of a large number of M7C3 carbides.
    ② High harden ability: After 900 ~ 1000 ℃ quenching after solid solution containing 4 ~ 5% Cr, high stability of super cooled austenite, diameter greater than 200 ~ 300mm of tool and die, you can completely harden ability. Cold deformation of steel mold

    Cold into the mold (also known as cold mold) including drawing die, drawing die, bending die, stamping die (blanking, punching, trimming die, punch, scissors mode, etc.), cold heading and cold model extrusion molds.
        Discussed below are several typical cold deformation conditions of service, failure mode and performance requirements.
(A) Die
        Working conditions: the impact of edge friction and withstand repeated bending stress.
        Failure mode: failure mainly normal wear and tear. However, often due to improper heat treatment resulting from the structure or edge peeling, broken and so on, resulting in early failure of the mold.
        Performance requirements: requirements of high bending and compressive strength, high abrasion resistance and sufficient toughness.
(B) drawing, wire drawing and bending mold
        Working conditions: the die to bear the intense friction and radial stress, in addition to the punch by friction, but also to withstand compressive stress. High-speed pull delay, the work surface temperature of up to 400 ~ 500 ℃.
        Failure mode: often due to wear and the surface of the groove size and retirement.
        Performance requirements: high hardness and wear resistance, and certain thermal stability.
(C) cold extrusion die
        Working conditions: under high compressive stress (up to about 2500 ~ 3000MPa).Ejection punch but also tensile stress. Since squeezing a piece is done in a moment, so the punch is also under shock loading. Punch the course of work, partly because of its edge with strong friction between the metal flow, causing abrasions and wear.
        Failure mode: common failure mode is fatigue and abrasion wear.
        Performance requirements: mold material should have as high bending fatigue strength, compressive yield strength as high as possible and cut resistance. In addition, the material should have good wear resistance and toughness.
(D) cold heading die
        Working conditions: punch to withstand repeated shock compression, shock and impact fatigue wear. Die to withstand repeated impact wear.
        Failure mode: punch wear, upsetting, subsidence, crack, break or fracture. The die cavity wall nap (after abrasion wear) and the impact of fatigue is failure.
        Performance requirements: there must be sufficient compressive yield strength, flexural fatigue strength and wear resistance, the working surface must have high hardness (HRC ≥ 60) and wear resistance; mind that the Department must have sufficient toughness.
Second, carbon and low alloy tool steel
        Used for cold deformation of carbon tool steel with T8A, T10A, T12A.
        Used for cold deformation of low alloy tool steel with 9Mn2V, 9CrSi, CrWMn and so on.
        These steels can only be used to make lighter work load of the mold.
Third, high-chromium tool steel
        1, high-chromium tool steel composition and characteristics
        The typical type of steel and steel with Cr12 Cr12MoV, its chemical composition is as follows:
    These steels contain high carbon (1.4-2.3% C) and a large number of chromium (11-13% Cr), a small amount of molybdenum and vanadium.
    Cr12 steel is the main carbide (Cr, Fe) 7C3 and (Cr, Fe) 7C-type carbide, which dissolved a small amount of Ti, Mo, and V. These carbides dissolve in a large number of high-temperature quenching austenite, increasing steel harden ability. After high-temperature tempering (500 ℃ or so), and from precipitation of marten site, resulting in increased secondary hardening and tempering stability, so that the steel has high hardness and wear resistance.
    High-carbon high-chromium cold deformation of steel has the following characteristics:
    ① high wear resistance: due to the existence of a large number of M7C3 carbides.
    ② High harden ability: After 900 ~ 1000 ℃ quenching after solid solution containing 4 ~ 5% Cr, high stability of super cooled austenite, diameter greater than 200 ~ 300mm of tool and die, you can completely harden ability.
    ③ quenching distortion: With the quenching temperature, volume change decreases, obviously this is an increase in the amount of residual austenite. In addition, the amount of residual austenite, tempering can also be appropriate to adjust, to get the micro-deformation.
    ④ high red hardness and wear resistance: Harden by higher red hardness and wear resistance.
    ⑤ uneven carbide more serious: Usually need to change to reduce carbon forging level.

    ③ quenching distortion: With the quenching temperature, volume change decreases, obviously this is an increase in the amount of residual austenite. In addition, the amount of residual austenite, tempering can also be appropriate to adjust, to get the micro-deformation.
    ④ high red hardness and wear resistance: Harden by higher red hardness and wear resistance.
    ⑤ uneven carbide more serious: Usually need to change to reduce carbon forging level.



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