(China shipbuilding group company chongqing leaps machinery factory WuWenJun)
[abstract] with the orthogonal experiment method inspected the sliding bearing (also called bearings) reducing friction in the layer plating solution with content and process parameters on the effect of coating performance, make the electroplating process has been further optimization, remarkably raised the coating quality, meet the new aircraft manufacturers of sliding bearings quality requirements.
1 the preface
In the use of the internal combustion engine sliding bearing (also called bearings) is the key parts of the bolts. Mechanical processing, the general in them the substrate surface electroplating first 1 ~ 3 μ m thick nickel (Ni) gate linings [1 ~ 2] and then electroplating 15 ~ 30 μ m thick lead tin copper (PbSnCu) three yuan alloy frictional reducing layer [3 ~ 24], and the last in the whole surface electroplating 1 ~ 2 μ m thick tin (Sn) or lead tin (PbSn) alloy protective layer [2].
Bearing in the inner surface of the frictional reducing layer provides the goal is to improve the bearing frictional reducing sex, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, set with sex, compliance, sex, only anti-bite, resist fatigue strength, compressive strength, carrying capacity, so as to improve the work performance, prolong service life, finally guaranteeing the host of high performance operation.
General use requirements choose coating types. Small engine bearings use commonly PbSn6 ~ 20 binary alloy [12 ~ 13, 16 ~ 17, 22], also have to use lead copper (PbCu), lead silver (PbAg) 2 yuan of alloy. With the passage of time and the development of science and technology, for big, medium-sized diesel engine, internal combustion engines use on the bearings, requires a load capacity, long service life, and should have good lubricity, corrosion resistance and wear resistance performance. Practice has proved, in traditional lead tin (PbSn6 ~ 20) 2 yuan alloy by grinding coating add a little the third component elements (Cu) copper can improve the coating performance [3, 10, 20]. When the lead tin (PbSn6 ~ 20) 2 yuan alloy coating add 2 ~ 3% copper, on one hand because of copper and tin has some of the close and potential, to a certain extent, to suppress the tin lining (i.e. matrix) diffusion, to ensure tin coating content and the stability of metallographic structure; On the other hand, due to join the copper, the hardness of coating from the original HV8 ~ 10 increased to HV13 ~ 15, has greatly improved the coating the wear resistance and anti-fatigue strength, so as to improve the ability of the load bearing, service life greatly extended.
If in the lining the metal plating coating directly reducing friction, the coating of tin easy to spread the lining, makes bearings in work after period of time, the tin content in coating down to less than 6% (mass). And both copper alloy or aluminum alloy liner liner, which contain a certain amount of copper, spread to the tin with copper liner can generate brittle big intermetallic (Cu3Sn). So not only make the mechanical properties of the coating decline, and destroy the lining structure, to make the whole of the bearings reduce mechanical properties. To solve the problem is in the lining material and reducing friction between the bottom of a nickel plating or nickel-based alloy block layer (also called grid layer or stop layer), to suppress tin to spread the lining [1 ~ 2].
Tin or lead tin alloy protective layer in addition to have certain corrosion resistant function outside, in bush during the spread of the work can be added in the way of reducing friction the content of zion, make its each ingredient contents in a relatively stable state. In addition, because this layer of protection layer does not contain copper, relatively soft, so in the early years of the job bush can achieve good break-in requirements.
This paper mainly inspects bearings frictional reducing layer electroplating process.
2 development course
Reducing friction in the study abroad coating started relatively early. 1920 years is a lattice ROM Mr Husband (J.G rooff) put forward the lead tin alloy plating the first patent, and ChuQiPing YuHaiJun torpedo the inner surface of the electroplating, by the 1940 s for the electroplating of the bearings. In 1952, schultz (Schults) put forward the aluminum and aluminum silicon (AlSi) alloy substrate electroplating lead tin copper ternary alloy of the patent. 1953 pieces (Schoefe) husband has published axle bush to use lead tin copper alloy were reviewed. In 1976, Jong-Sang Kim, Su-ι ι Pyun and Hyo-Geun Lee published "" lead tin copper electricity coating the faces orientation and microstructure" paper [7]. 1980 bibby (Beebe) put forward contain copper 2 ~ 3% (mass), tin 9-12% (mass), and the rest of the three yuan for copper alloy plating production process flow, coating thickness of 15 μ m. 1982 wortmann (Waterman), just three yuan alloy plating solution copper ions (Cu2 +) displacement put forward a solution.
Domestic frictional reducing alloy coatings for the research and application of start later. In early 1960, wuhan materials protection institute and the first fittings factory first developed 'and used in the production of electrobruch plating technology has been used to lead tin alloy electroplating speedboat engines. In the mid 1970 s, Shanghai bearing alloy factory and the Shanghai HuDong shipyard for inspecting the tin plating copper alloy craft a detailed study of the [12 ~ 13]. In 1985, Harbin industrial university electrochemical staff room and Chinese shipping industry head office 466 factory research together the bronze sliding bearing on lead tin plating lead three yuan alloy copper two-metals friction layer technology, which has been applied in production. In 1989, Dusanka Radoric published "the fluorine boric acid salt to the plating of hydroquinone (to a benzene 2 phenol) for additive of lead tin alloy electroplating" paper 16. 10 th century, nantong bearings of the factory FanGuHua, JiangZhiDong 21, 24, wuhan institute of materials protection CengLiangYu, YangXianGui, WangHuiWen 8, 17, guangxi guilin of internal combustion engine fittings factory QinShengYi 9, qi shuyan locomotive vehicle technology research institute XueBoSheng 20 on the frictional reducing layer electroplating process from different aspects and the degree of different has, for this process in the production of the application of further perfect laid a foundation.
3 the problem put forward
Our factory of lead tin copper two-metals friction ternary alloy plating electroplating process are the domestic origination, the years to our host accessories market provide large amounts of bearings. In recent years




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