Performance of metallic materials are generally divided into two types of process performance and use performance. The so-called process performance refers to the mechanical parts in the manufacturing process, the metal material in the cold, under thermal processing conditions manifested performance. Technological properties of metallic materials, good or bad, in the manufacturing process shaping adaptability. The requirements of the process performance is different due to the
different processing conditions, such as casting properties, weldability, forgeability, heat treatment performance, and cutting workability, etc.
 
Use performance refers to the mechanical parts under conditions of use, the performance shown by the metal material, which includes the mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, etc.. Metal materials performance is good or bad, to decide the scope of use and service life.

Machinery manufacturing mechanical parts are used in the ambient temperature and pressure, and strongly corrosive media, and in the course of various mechanical parts will withstand different loads. Metallic material under load resistance performance of the destruction, known as the mechanical properties (or known as the mechanical properties). The mechanical properties of metallic materials is part of the design and material selection when the main basis. Applied load properties (such as tensile, compression, torsion, shock, cyclic loading, etc.), the required mechanical properties of metallic materials will also be different. Mechanical properties: strength, ductility, hardness, toughness, and many times the impact resistance and fatigue limit. The following will discuss a variety of mechanical properties.

1. Strength

Strength refers to the resistance to destruction (excess plastic deformation or fracture) the performance of the metal under the action of materials in the payload. Because the form of tension, compression, bending and shearing action of the load, so the strength is also divided into the tensile strength, compressive strength, bending strength, shear strength and the like. The various strength frequent contact, generally use more strength tensile strength as the most basic indicators.

2. Plastic

Plasticity refers to the metallic material, without destroying the ability to produce the plastic deformation (permanent deformation) under load.

3. Hardness

Hardness is an indicator to measure the hardness of the metallic materials. Currently measured production the hardness method most commonly used is the indentation hardness method, it is pressed into the surface of a metallic material to be tested under a certain load with a certain geometry of the pressure head in, according to the extent of being pressed into the measured hardness values.

Commonly used method Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRA, HRB, HRC) and the Vickers hardness (HV).

4. Fatigue

Discussed earlier strength, ductility, hardness are indicators of the mechanical properties of the metal under static loading. In fact, many of the machine parts are working in under cyclic loading, the part under such conditions will produce fatigue.

5. Impact toughness

With great speed action known as impact load in the load on the mechanical, metal resistance to impact loads destruction called impact toughness.



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