Modern simulation technology with the extensive application of computer and rapid development. The specific practices a certain application conditions bearing the load direction, size, lubrication method, rotation speed, and environmental parameters, as well as bearing the main parameters entered into the computer through calculus to understand the life of the bearings may reach, in order to evaluate the bearing The design combination. This test method can significantly reduce the test time and reduce human and experimental funding can know in advance the application effect before the bearing is not manufactured, is a quick and hassle free trial. Foreign advanced bearing industrial companies, SKF, NTN bearing simulation test technology to reach the advanced level.
Development trends at home and abroad
At present, the bearing test at home and abroad, there are mainly four categories: friction and wear test, two test bench, the simulation test of the three laboratories (test site), four, the actual working conditions run test. Abroad These test methods are used, but the application purpose, for example, to develop a new product, first of all need to do friction and wear test. However, if the friction and wear in the form changed much, only the product size, and by changes in the carrier conditions, you just do bench, simulated or actual running test can be. Abroad, some of the key parts of the new product (such as wheel bearings, etc.) assessment is extremely strict, must be allowed to carry out supporting the use of the actual running test. Swedish SKF, NTN Japan, recent studies bearing simulation technology, only to replace the bench, simulation or experiment, to shorten product design time and accelerating product development progress, but from the actual operation of the gap. Now, the bearing industry in China has carried out the friction and wear test, one of Luoyang Bearing Research Institute; has been carried out bearing bench, the Luoyang Bearing Research Institute, Shanghai axis Institute, Hangzhou Bearing Test Center and Wafangdian, Harbin, 20 Yu Jiaguo bearing enterprises; can expand the simulation test, Luoyang Bearing Research Institute, Hangzhou Bearing Test Center and Los axis, Xiang-axis and other enterprises. And to the actual test, only bearing manufacturers in this regard requests to be carried out, such as wheel bearings and the cars of rail passenger wheel bearing host at supporting enterprise. In short, China is not yet widely in carrying out the simulation and the actual running test, should further expand the host range or scope of the actual working conditions, early on the agenda for the simulation test for adequate soft, hardware preparation.
Main contents and objectives
In order to carry out the simulation test, you must first some representative types of the typical products of the bench or analog test to identify the life and carrying the functional relationship between working conditions, and then use this relationship, through the computer bearing the design and testing work This is usually only for extremely important product testing. According to China's existing capacity, the main objective of the next decade simulation of rail vehicle bearings, automotive wheel bearings and high-speed grinding machine spindle bearings, and gradually to have a certain simulation conditions. Study are as follows:
Lubrication technology
Technical summary
Rolling in motion lapsed due to resistance of the bearing continuously wear grease (oil) and lubricating the different ways to reduce the effect of bearing friction and wear. Lubrication technology has become an important part in bearing technology research. Grease (oil) is called the bearing parts (for the inner ring, outer ring, rolling body cage).
Hindered the Rolling rotation resistance by rolling friction, sliding friction and lubricant friction. The rolling of the rolling body raceway rolling friction; sliding friction rolling element cage guide surface of the rib guide surface of the cage and roller bearings on the roller end and ring ribs. Lubricant friction by the lubricant composition in contact at the internal friction and lubricant mixing and extrusion. A set of bearing friction, rolling friction, sliding friction and lubricant friction, the sum of the impedance of the resistance of the bearing motion. Lubrication technology task is to develop a different grease (oil) and its lubrication, bearing the resistance minimum the longest life expectancy.
Development trends at home and abroad
Foreign advanced industrial countries, the common condition of the bearing grease (oil), technology and production has been completely cross the border, has formed a series of variety and mass production capability, major trend is to improve some of the special circumstances of the performance of the grease. being studied, such as Aerospace perfluorinated ether grease vacuum stability, climb the shift as well as the viscosity-temperature properties; Another example is the low fat, good results in the application, but the lubrication mechanism can not have a good theory elaboration. Again, the use of gaseous lubricants under high temperature (200-4000C) research. Research task of bearing lubrication is very heavy, if funds allow, should focus on to solve the following problems: First, to improve the service life of existing seals bearing grease at ambient temperature; Second, increase the vibration of the low-noise bearing grease performance; Third, research and development of new varieties of the common conditions bearing grease to fill the gaps.
Main contents and objectives
China's bearing grease gap with foreign countries, the next decade grease content and objectives are: to study ways to improve the life of grease, household appliances with sealed bearings (such as washing machines, vacuum cleaners, computers, air conditioners, etc.) and difficult to repair or demolition of run precision sealed bearings for the destruction of parts (precision machine tool spindles, precision instrument shaft, deep-water operations mechanical transmission, etc.), so that the grease life is equivalent to the mechanical life; study grease noise, low-noise bearing (v3/z3, v4/z4, etc.) to obtain 15-20 grease new varieties of noise reduction value of 3-5dB above; research and development, forming the basic pattern of the bearing grease series. Where high temperature, ambient temperature and low temperature of about 8-10 varieties, medium or high level of motor bearing grease 5-8 varieties, and space navigation, and other special conditions bearing grease 5-8 varieties.
Sealing technology
Technical summary
Rolling recent developments in both ends of the surface are equipped with appropriate seals. Its role is to protect the bearings inside the grease (oil) in use will not drain, to ensure that the bearings in the lubrication state on the one hand; the other hand, is to protect the bearing, so that the outside of the dust or harmful gases will not enter the bearing cavity to avoid bearing caused the injury. Common rubber or plastic ring, the ring of steel plate punching (or dust cover). Sealing structure is varied, the effect of sealing is not the same. Gap between the seal and the bearing, said non-contact seal, the smaller the gap, sealing the better, but allows the shaft of the speed the smaller the area; gap between the seal and the bearing, said contact seal, seal ring contact with the lip contact area is larger, the better the sealing effect, the smaller but allows the shaft speed. Sealing technology research and development applied to the different conditions of the seals, and the communion of the ring material grease, etc..
Development trends at home and abroad
Several of Japan's largest bearing company (Seiko, Japan, etc.) represents the development direction of the bearing seal technology. In the development of seal technology development direction and bearing device technology aspects of early history, depth, and sealing technology is more mature. From a single seal lip to multiple sealing lip contact seal developed a non-contact seal; from the types of products, ball bearings, roller bearings are. Follow the international trend of development in China, but also developed a ring of deep groove ball bearings, water pump bearings, railway (tapered roller) bearings, needle roller bearings, as well as a short cylindrical roller bearing several categories bearings, including deep groove ball bearing production The largest and most widespread application. According to the State Bureau of Technical Supervision recently sealed bearings on China quality inspection results of the sealed bearing structure design issues, poor sealing effect, drain the fat is more serious, reacted strongly to the user. After analysis, the main reason is that the current seal design structure is irrational, the inner ring without the seal groove, coupled with the manufacturing precision is not high. Therefore, the development trend of the bearing seal technology: deep groove ball bearings, sealing technology, test, looking for the best ring structure and the optimum seal gap; to carry out the study of sealing materials, looking for wear resistance, aging resistance, high temperature and corrosion-resistant materials, lay a technical foundation to improve the contact seal life, the development of high temperature conditions or hazardous atmosphere under the conditions of the ring.
Main contents and objectives
According to the status quo of poor quality of sealed bearings, main contents in the future: first, to strengthen research testing, screening out of the ring structure of the deep groove ball bearings, and the development of the corresponding bearing inner ring seal groove structure, the existing deep groove needs to bearing seal the replacement of the structure, to fight the kind of bearing sealing performance to catch up with the advanced level of international similar products in the late 1990s, in 2005; followed by the combination of the development of China's car industry to develop suitable long-term work in the 120-1800C high temperature The high temperature sealed bearings; third rail vehicles bearing cone as represented by the development of series of cylindrical roller bearings sealed the new structure.
Noise reduction technology
Technical summary
The bearing noise is an important source of pollution of the environment, an important indicator of the need to control the bearing industry, especially for household appliances, office machinery, instrumentation bearing noise limits more prominent. Over the past decade, China's bearing industry has done a lot in reducing bearing noise, bearing noise level has greatly improved, but compared with foreign countries, there is still a certain gap, users reflect the "different tone" bearing operation an irregular sudden sound, or even scream. Bearing noise impact factors is very complex, from the overall design of the bearing, bearing parts - the inner ring, outer ring, cage, rolling and lubricants (grease) analysis, but also from the bearing parts, materials, equipment, process materials used in the machining process as well as engineering analysis. This is the basic content of the bearing noise involved.
The trend of development at home and abroad
The development of the technology are endless, and foreign advanced bearing (NSK, SKF, etc.) bearing the noise level has been high, but still put forward the further direction of development, namely the "mute" the development of bearings, bearing products in China in the future decade in the development of noise technology trends are: First, solve bearing the "different tone", the second level down vibration level to a new level, that is to catch up with the advanced industrial countries abroad bearing the late 1990s.
Main contents and objectives
In order to solve the problem of bearing "different tone" and down vibration level to a new level, the increase in the technical standards for the control amplitudes, so the research is to improve the roundness of the surface of the rolling element and raceway solve cage between the rolling element guide a smooth, while reducing the particle size of grease (oil) impurities, the affinity of the equilibrium and the corresponding rolling surface contact. Requirements of the rolling element and raceway roughness control the degree of up to 0.001μm; grease impurity particles is not greater than 0.01μm; improve the cage ball and socket roundness, so to maintain between the frame and rolling runout accuracy of 0.01μm.



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