Bearing parts of the processing of materials, structural features and functions

1, shaft parts and materials of rough

(1) shaft parts of the rough

Shafts can use requirements, production type, equipment condition and structure, using bar, forgings and other blank forms. Little difference for the outer diameter of the shaft, generally the main bar; The big difference for the outer diameter of the stepped shaft or major axis, are often used in forging, so that saves on materials and mechanical processing to reduce the workload, but also improved mechanical properties.
   According to different production scale, rough way of forging a free forging and the forging of two. Small batch production and more use of free forging, die forging used a large number of mass production.

(2) shaft parts of the material

GCr15 bearing steel and spring steel 65Mn, through conditioning and surface high frequency quenching, the surface hardness of up to 50 ~ 58HRC, and has high fatigue resistance and good wear resistance, can produce high precision shaft.

45 steel is commonly used shaft materials, it is cheap after quenching and tempering (or normalized), the cutting could be better, but also to obtain higher strength and toughness and other comprehensive mechanical properties, surface hardness after quenching up 45 ~ 52HRC.

40Cr alloy steel such as precision and speed for the medium-high shaft parts, such tempering and quenching, with better overall mechanical performance.
    
    Shaft should be based on the use of different working conditions and requirements of different materials and different heat treatment specifications (eg, quenching, normalizing, quenching, etc) to get some strength, toughness and wear resistance.

Precision machine tool spindle (such as grinding wheel axis, coordinate boring machine spindle) can be used 38CrMoAIA nitrided steel. This tempering and surface nitriding, not only have access to high surface hardness, and to maintain soft core department, the impact resistance toughness. And carburized steel is more, it has a heat deformation small, high hardness characteristics.

Second, the function of shaft parts, structural features and technical requirements:

    Machine shaft is frequently encountered one of the typical components. It is mainly used to support transmission parts, transmission torque and load to bear. Shaft is rotating body parts, its length greater than diameter, generally cylindrical shaft concentric cylinder, cone, bore and thread, and composed of the corresponding end. According to the structure of different shapes, can be divided into the optical axis shaft, stepped shaft, hollow shaft and the crank.

Axis called short axis aspect ratio of less than 5, greater than 20 as long and thin shaft, most of the axis between the two.

Shaft bearings bearing, and bearing with the shaft section called journal. Journal is the axis of the assembly base, and their general requirements for precision and surface quality, high technical requirements of its general functions under the main shaft and working conditions to develop, usually the following:

(A) surface roughness

Generally compatible with the drive shaft parts surface roughness Ra2.5 ~ 0.63μm, and the bearings supporting shaft matching the surface roughness is Ra0.63 ~ 0.16μm.

    (B) each position accuracy

Precision shaft position is mainly in the mechanical axis of the position and function of the decision. Should normally ensure that transmission parts of the crankshaft assembly of the bearing journal of the coaxial degree requirements, otherwise it will affect the transmission parts (gears, etc.) and driving accuracy, and generate noise. General accuracy of the shaft, the shaft section with the radial runout of the bearing journal is generally 0.01 ~ 0.03mm, high-precision axis (such as the spindle) is usually 0.001 ~ 0.005mm.

(C) geometry accuracy

The geometry of the precision shaft main journal is the outer cone, such as Morse taper hole roundness, cylindrical degree, the general should be limited to its tolerance range of dimensional tolerance. On high precision cylindrical surface, should be marked in the drawing of its tolerances.

(D) dimensional accuracy

Supporting role from the journal axis in order to determine the location of its size usually require a higher precision (IT5 ~ IT7). Assembly of transmission components journal dimensions and general requirements for precision low (IT6 ~ IT9).
 

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